Cashew is one of the potential industrial plants with the main product in the form of seeds (pea) nuts. Cashew nuts are generally developed in the lowland areas of dry climate, even in the area of critical land for reforestation or conservation land.
Cashew processing, in addition to produce seeds, also waste such as fruit and artificial skin or shell beans. The fruit is usually apparent only discarded as waste. One of those opportunities is the use of artificial fruit as feed. Feeding a combination of legumes and nuts are very good artificial fruitfor livestock.
Fruits contain artificial nutrients is low, at 82.5% water, 0.7% protein, and energy of 720 cal / g. Physical composition of the solid parts of the fruit pseudo 34-36%, with crude protein content of 6.10% and 15.15% crude fiber. In addition to low nutrients, the fruit also contains pseudo anakardat acid that can cause throat and coughing when used as animal feed.
One effort to improve the nutritional value of fruit is apparent through the process of fermentation. Through this process, the levels of protein and calories can be increased and decreased levels of crude fiber. Fermentation can also suppress the content of tannins so that material can be given at higher levels in livestock rations.
False fruit can also be dried and made flour so it is more durable (up to 6 months). In this way, the feed from artificial fruit can be available throughout the year outside the harvest season. In addition, penepungan will facilitate the storage, transport, and mixing at the time given to livestock.
Here's the process cashew nuts for animal feed :
Processing Processes
Cashew waste fermentation can take place effectively with the help of certain microbes as the inoculant. Of the various types of inoculant is attempted, which gave the best results is Aspergillus niger.
Aspergillus niger is a fungus that is optional, can be grown in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Therefore, the use of these microbes for fermentation will be more practical, because the fermentation process is not necessarily closed. However, farmers or people who are interested in doing the fermentation of waste must be careful, because there are other Aspergillus species namely Aspergillus flavus that can lead to aflatoxin in poultry. However, both are very easy to distinguish, A. niger colonies black, whereas A. flavus yellow.
In order for efficient fermentation process, or Aspergillus seeds Rhizophus activated and propagated. A. In general, seed niger produced in the laboratory be solid, but Aspergillus BPTP Bali produced a liquid. This is so cheap that inoculant is affordable by farmers.
Through the process of propagation, every 1 liter of seed Aspergillus can be 200 liters. Activation and propagation of Aspergillus requires equipment such as a plastic tub and clean aerator, while the materials used are sugar, urea, and NPK, each 1% by weight of water. Nutrients can be replaced with a mixture of sugar and extract the bean sprouts (mung bean sprouts) each of 2.5% by weight of water.
The water used must be sterile and free chlorine (not tap water). When using river water or dirty water, must be cooked to a boil first to kill the microbes. Water that has been cooked is left to cool, then add sugar, urea, and NPK or sugar and extract the bean sprouts and stir until dissolved. Further included Aspergillus seed as much as 0.5% of the volume of water.
Aerator hose end and then put in water and weighted so as not to float, then aerator is turned so that the resulting bubbles of oxygen in water and water pressure so that air spins. The process of aeration is done around 30-48 hours until the solution is ready for use. When electricity is not available on site and aerator, the solution was left for 72 hours, a new use. During the activation process, these materials are put in the shade and covered to avoid microbial contamination.
Fermentation
Fermentation carried out on the container or on a bare loft woven bamboo. Fermentation carried out in the shade so that the material is not exposed to rain or sunlight. Waste water containing 60% of mete so before it is fermented to pressed or squeezed, either manually or with tools, then shredded. Can also be chopped first new material in the press.
Fermented waste to be placed in a tub or other container. Materials sown 5-10 cm thick, then poured a solution of A. niger evenly. Further on it plus more waste, then sprayed again with a solution to all wetted materials. Waste is then covered with burlap, plastic or cloth to keep it moist and protected from microbes. Fermentation done 4-6 days. When the fermentation is too rapid, the process of decomposition is less than perfect.
Drying and Grinding
After 5 days, fermentation was opened and closed with a sun dried waste. When the sun shines bright, in 2-3 days to dry ingredients. Once dried, the waste ground to a powder. Milling can use penepung cassava, rice or coffee. For devices with a capacity of 100 kg / hour, it takes an engine of a magnitude 8 HP.
Flour waste can be directly administered to livestock or stored. Wheat stored in plastic bags or burlap is dry and the ends tied up and placed in a dry and shady. With processing, the waste can be stored up to 6 months.
Ingredients Nutrition and Utilization
Pseudo cashew fruit has fermented nutrients, especially protein, much higher than the original material, the protein increased from 7% to 21-22%. Meanwhile, crude fiber content decreased from 14.48% to 8.56%.
Cashew waste fermentation can be given to ruminant livestock (goats, cows, buffalo) as feed amplifier. Forage still be given, while feeding the amplifier as an additional feed to generate growth or increase milk production. In goats or cows, the number of its use ranged from 0.7 to 1.2% of live weight of cattle. Goat weighing 30 kg can be fed with fermented cashew waste of about 200-350 g / head / day.
In cows with body weight 300 kg, the waste can be administered from 2.0 to 3.5 kg / head / day. In the chicken or duck, cashew waste flour can be mixed into the ration.
Research Findings
BPTP Bali assessment results show, giving cashew waste fermentation in goats can increase body weight significantly. Weighing at 24 goats first obtain an average initial weight for P1: 15.67 kg / head and P2: 15.55 kg / head. After the waste fed 12 weeks (84 days), average body weight to be 18.49 kg to 20.56 kg for P1 and P2. Thus the obtained P1 body weight gain on average 33.58 g and P2 59.65 g / head / day.
The results of economic analysis shows, gift cashew waste fermentation can increase profits by Rp31.950 per 12 weeks or Rp10.650 per month for each child goat tail compared to traditional maintenance pattern. The analysis taking into account the cost of raw materials and processing.
# Institute for Agricultural Technology Bali
Cashew processing, in addition to produce seeds, also waste such as fruit and artificial skin or shell beans. The fruit is usually apparent only discarded as waste. One of those opportunities is the use of artificial fruit as feed. Feeding a combination of legumes and nuts are very good artificial fruitfor livestock.
Fruits contain artificial nutrients is low, at 82.5% water, 0.7% protein, and energy of 720 cal / g. Physical composition of the solid parts of the fruit pseudo 34-36%, with crude protein content of 6.10% and 15.15% crude fiber. In addition to low nutrients, the fruit also contains pseudo anakardat acid that can cause throat and coughing when used as animal feed.One effort to improve the nutritional value of fruit is apparent through the process of fermentation. Through this process, the levels of protein and calories can be increased and decreased levels of crude fiber. Fermentation can also suppress the content of tannins so that material can be given at higher levels in livestock rations.
False fruit can also be dried and made flour so it is more durable (up to 6 months). In this way, the feed from artificial fruit can be available throughout the year outside the harvest season. In addition, penepungan will facilitate the storage, transport, and mixing at the time given to livestock.
Here's the process cashew nuts for animal feed :
Processing Processes
Cashew waste fermentation can take place effectively with the help of certain microbes as the inoculant. Of the various types of inoculant is attempted, which gave the best results is Aspergillus niger.
Aspergillus niger is a fungus that is optional, can be grown in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Therefore, the use of these microbes for fermentation will be more practical, because the fermentation process is not necessarily closed. However, farmers or people who are interested in doing the fermentation of waste must be careful, because there are other Aspergillus species namely Aspergillus flavus that can lead to aflatoxin in poultry. However, both are very easy to distinguish, A. niger colonies black, whereas A. flavus yellow.
In order for efficient fermentation process, or Aspergillus seeds Rhizophus activated and propagated. A. In general, seed niger produced in the laboratory be solid, but Aspergillus BPTP Bali produced a liquid. This is so cheap that inoculant is affordable by farmers.
Through the process of propagation, every 1 liter of seed Aspergillus can be 200 liters. Activation and propagation of Aspergillus requires equipment such as a plastic tub and clean aerator, while the materials used are sugar, urea, and NPK, each 1% by weight of water. Nutrients can be replaced with a mixture of sugar and extract the bean sprouts (mung bean sprouts) each of 2.5% by weight of water.
The water used must be sterile and free chlorine (not tap water). When using river water or dirty water, must be cooked to a boil first to kill the microbes. Water that has been cooked is left to cool, then add sugar, urea, and NPK or sugar and extract the bean sprouts and stir until dissolved. Further included Aspergillus seed as much as 0.5% of the volume of water.
Aerator hose end and then put in water and weighted so as not to float, then aerator is turned so that the resulting bubbles of oxygen in water and water pressure so that air spins. The process of aeration is done around 30-48 hours until the solution is ready for use. When electricity is not available on site and aerator, the solution was left for 72 hours, a new use. During the activation process, these materials are put in the shade and covered to avoid microbial contamination.
Fermentation
Fermentation carried out on the container or on a bare loft woven bamboo. Fermentation carried out in the shade so that the material is not exposed to rain or sunlight. Waste water containing 60% of mete so before it is fermented to pressed or squeezed, either manually or with tools, then shredded. Can also be chopped first new material in the press.
Fermented waste to be placed in a tub or other container. Materials sown 5-10 cm thick, then poured a solution of A. niger evenly. Further on it plus more waste, then sprayed again with a solution to all wetted materials. Waste is then covered with burlap, plastic or cloth to keep it moist and protected from microbes. Fermentation done 4-6 days. When the fermentation is too rapid, the process of decomposition is less than perfect.
Drying and Grinding
After 5 days, fermentation was opened and closed with a sun dried waste. When the sun shines bright, in 2-3 days to dry ingredients. Once dried, the waste ground to a powder. Milling can use penepung cassava, rice or coffee. For devices with a capacity of 100 kg / hour, it takes an engine of a magnitude 8 HP.
Flour waste can be directly administered to livestock or stored. Wheat stored in plastic bags or burlap is dry and the ends tied up and placed in a dry and shady. With processing, the waste can be stored up to 6 months.
Ingredients Nutrition and Utilization
Pseudo cashew fruit has fermented nutrients, especially protein, much higher than the original material, the protein increased from 7% to 21-22%. Meanwhile, crude fiber content decreased from 14.48% to 8.56%.
Cashew waste fermentation can be given to ruminant livestock (goats, cows, buffalo) as feed amplifier. Forage still be given, while feeding the amplifier as an additional feed to generate growth or increase milk production. In goats or cows, the number of its use ranged from 0.7 to 1.2% of live weight of cattle. Goat weighing 30 kg can be fed with fermented cashew waste of about 200-350 g / head / day.
In cows with body weight 300 kg, the waste can be administered from 2.0 to 3.5 kg / head / day. In the chicken or duck, cashew waste flour can be mixed into the ration.
Research Findings
BPTP Bali assessment results show, giving cashew waste fermentation in goats can increase body weight significantly. Weighing at 24 goats first obtain an average initial weight for P1: 15.67 kg / head and P2: 15.55 kg / head. After the waste fed 12 weeks (84 days), average body weight to be 18.49 kg to 20.56 kg for P1 and P2. Thus the obtained P1 body weight gain on average 33.58 g and P2 59.65 g / head / day.
The results of economic analysis shows, gift cashew waste fermentation can increase profits by Rp31.950 per 12 weeks or Rp10.650 per month for each child goat tail compared to traditional maintenance pattern. The analysis taking into account the cost of raw materials and processing.
# Institute for Agricultural Technology Bali
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